Lesser-known types of of parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that is more commonly seen in the elderly. It occurs when the motor never cells in the brain become impaired. Nerve cells or neurons release dopamine, which helps in movement. As the neurons die, the dopamine levels in the body deplete, as a result of which the person may experience symptoms like stiffness, shaking, difficulty walking, and other cognitive dysfunctions.

Both men and women can suffer from this condition. However, statistics suggest that Parkinson’s disease affects men more than women. Of all the forms, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is the most common form of Parkinsonism. Other lesser-known types of Parkinson’s disease include:

• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
  This form of Parkinson’s disease has the mid-60s as the average age of onset, and it is known as the most common type of atypical Parkinsonism. People suffering from PSP may have a weak motor function and fall very frequently and also face limitations in eye movements. Treatment of PSP mainly focusses on alleviating symptoms. Some people may also from speech impairment and experience difficulty swallowing.
• Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
  This form of Parkinsonism is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. DLB causes abnormal deposits of proteins called alpha-synuclein in multiple parts of the brain. As a result, the person suffers memory fluctuations and hallucinations. The symptoms slowly progress towards slowness, stiffness, and other symptoms similar to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.
• Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)
  It is the least common form of atypical Parkinson’s disease, typically beginning after the age of 60. Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) affects only one limb in the beginning as it leads to its abnormal posturing. It also causes fast and jerky movement of the limbs with difficulty in some motor tasks despite muscle strength. Some cases of CBS also experience difficulty with language (aphasia).
• Vascular Parkinsonism (VP)
  Evidence suggests that multiple small strokes in the key areas of the brain can cause this form of Parkinson’s disease. Signs that may indicate vascular Parkinsonism include evidence of vascular disease in the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) of the brain and cognitive issues. Early symptoms may also show gait and balancing problems.
• Drug-induced Parkinsonism
  Secondary Parkinson’s disease or drug-induced Parkinsonism is caused due to the side-effects of some medications. These usually affect the brain’s dopamine levels, resulting in postural and instability and tremors.

It can be difficult to distinguish the symptoms in different types of Parkinsonism. Hence, it is necessary to discuss the same with a doctor so that they can diagnose and prescribe appropriate treatment. Typically, treatments can be medications or surgical procedures, depending on the severity of the symptoms. Healthy lifestyle modifications such as exercise and relaxation are highly advised by doctors. These small changes can help in alleviating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. One must also keep track of medicinal doses and stick to the schedule to avoid unpleasant symptoms due to missed doses.